For related articles and more information, please visit OCA’s Environment and Climate Resource page, Organic Transitions page, Farm Issues page.

Experts have repeatedly warned that, with the rapid degradation of soil our food security is under threat. They have also pointed out that the crisis can be tackled through a series of ecological interventions, of which biomass generation and its use is the most critical. In this context, we need to understand the existing dynamics of biomass availability and its usage at the farm level.

At present, different sectors compete for whatever biomass is available. Green biomass is needed as fodder for cattle, cow dung cakes, pressed leaf litter etc. are used as cooking fuel in certain regions. Biomass is also used for decentralised energy production systems and for soil health improvement as well.

There are certain constraints related to labour and water availability. In addition, we need to also consider existing Government programmes, incentives and institutional support and come out with a new and effective strategy to make biomass-based soil health management a reality. This strategy is vital to prevent an imminent food crisis. It assumes even more relevance as the fossil-based soil nutrition practices are fast becoming unsustainable and unaffordable.

After decades of neglect, the Union Government is now recognising and accepting the importance of having a focussed and comprehensive policy to promote ecological and organic manuring to rejuvenate degrading soils and maintain soil health. The 12th Plan Approach Paper, prepared by the Planning Commission, cleared by the Union Cabinet in September and awaiting final approval from the National Development Council, has highlighted the importance of ‘ecological/organic fertilisation’ practices in tackling the soil health crisis. The paper calls for the rejuvenation of soils and the restoration of soil health through addition of organic matter in bulk quantities in the soil, along with the promotion of other agro-ecological interventions.